Question 1

How do you pronounce the -ed ending in regular past simple verbs?

Accepted Answer

-ed has 3 distinct pronunciations: 1) /ɪd/ after /t/ and /d/ sounds ('started', 'decided'); 2) /t/ after voiceless sounds /p, k, f, s, ʃ, tʃ/ ('worked', 'laughed', 'watched'); 3) /d/ after all voiced vowel and consonant sounds ('played', 'lived', 'cleaned').

Question 2

What is the rule for spelling regular verbs with -ed?

Accepted Answer

Most verbs simply add -ed ('walk' -> 'walked'). Verbs ending in -e just add -d ('live' -> 'lived'). Consonant + y changes to -ied ('study' -> 'studied'). Single vowel + single consonant doubles the consonant ('stop' -> 'stopped').