Kenji: Is it true the recipe is over a hundred years old?
Abuela Carmen: It is said to be, though nobody can prove it anymore.
Sofía: The client is believed to have cancelled — I still haven't confirmed it.
Kenji: It's expected to be a difficult conversation either way.
Common mistake: “It is said the recipe is old since a hundred years.” — Correct: “It is said that the recipe is over a hundred years old.”
Passive structures with reporting verbs ('it is said that...', 'he is believed to...') let you report something without naming who said it — common in news, academic writing, and gossip alike.
Two passive patterns for reporting
Pattern
Example
It + be + reporting verb + that...
It is said that the recipe is very old.
Subject + be + reporting verb + to + infinitive
Ben is believed to have left the country.
It is said that the recipe is over a hundred years old.
Ben is believed to have left the country, according to the rumors.
The report is expected to be finished by Friday.
It was reported that the client had cancelled the contract.
It isn't thought that the delay was Sofía's fault.
Kenji isn't known to arrive late.
The problem wasn't believed to be serious at first.
Is it said that this dish takes hours to prepare?
Is Ben believed to have left already?
Is the report expected to be finished by Friday?
Is it said to be very old? Yes, it is.
Is he believed to have left? Yes, he is.
Is the report expected to be finished? Yes, it is.
Practice
It ___ said that the recipe is over a hundred years old. (is, was, has)
Ben ___ believed to have left the country. (is, has, was being)
The report is expected ___ finished by Friday. (to be, to have, being)
'It is said that...' is used to report something without naming the source.
'Ben is believed to have left' means Ben left in the past, according to belief.
Passive reporting structures always require naming who said it.
It ___ (report, past) that the client had cancelled.
Kenji ___ (not/know) to arrive late.
The problem ___ (not/believe) to be serious at first.
Unscramble: it, is, said, that, the, recipe, is, very, old
Unscramble: Ben, is, believed, to, have, left, the, country
Find the mistake: It is said the recipe is old since a hundred years.
People say the recipe is over a hundred years old. — Rewrite using 'It is said that...'.
People believe Ben left the country. — Rewrite using 'Ben is believed to have...'.
Is the report expected to be finished by Friday? — Answer with a short answer (Yes).
The problem was believed to be serious. — Write the negative form.
Is it said that your city has the best food in the country? (short answer)
Listening
Kenji: Is it true the recipe is over a hundred years old?
Abuela Carmen: It is said to be, though nobody can prove it anymore.
Sofía: The client is believed to have cancelled — I still haven't confirmed it.
Kenji: It's expected to be a difficult conversation either way.
Abuela Carmen: It is also said that difficult conversations taste better with mango.
Sofía: I'll take any comfort I can get right now.
Reading
It is said that Abuela Carmen's mango recipe is over a hundred years old, passed down from a great-grandmother nobody in the family ever actually met. It is also rumored, though never confirmed, that she once changed a single ingredient and refused to tell anyone which one. Sofía is believed to have tried for years to recreate it exactly; she is known to have failed every single time, always missing some detail she can't quite name. The recipe is expected to be written down properly one day, Abuela Carmen always says — just not yet. It is thought, privately, that she enjoys being the only one who truly knows it.
The recipe is said to be over a hundred years old.
Abuela Carmen has confirmed exactly which ingredient she changed.
Sofía has successfully recreated the recipe exactly.
The recipe has already been written down properly.